Cell biology is the fundamental study of the anatomy, physiological properties, and functions of cells. This course provides an in-depth exploration of key biological concepts. It starts with the macromolecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, and nucleic acids. The course progresses through cell structures and functions, examines enzyme dynamics, explores into the mechanisms of cell division and mutation, and covers the biochemical pathways of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. These pathways are highlighted for their critical roles in energy production and plant physiology.